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Articles and Analysies ÇáÕÝÍÉ ÇáÚÑÈíÉ Last Updated: Oct 27, 2009 - 9:33:43 PM

Can Darfur Survive the CPA?/Abdullahi El-Tom and Mahmoud Abbaker Suleiman
Sudaneseonline.com

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Sudan Focal Point

Hermannsburg , Germany , June 1-3, 2007-05-30

 

Can Darfur Survive the CPA?

Abdullahi El-Tom and Mahmoud Abbaker Suleiman

A Submission from JEM/NRF:

 

Achievements of the CPA

The CPA is certainly a landmark in the democratic history of the Sudan .   This basic fact seems to have been either overlooked by a substantial sector of Sudan ’s civic activists or elsewhere handled in a way that is emotive and devoid of a mature and flexible sense of realism.   This divide applies to both, members of the SPLM and others alike.  

 

It was certainly true that the twin Darfur Movements received the launching of Naivasha/CPA with hope and optimism.   The SLM has been regarded by many to this day as no more than a quasi offshoot of the SPML.   Their sympathy with the CPA is taken for granted. As for JEM, it was the first to call for inclusion of the SPLM delegation into Abuja Inter-Sudanese Talks.   Allowing the SLM to speak for itself, the relationship between JEM and the SPLM dates back to the year 2002, a year before Darfur uprising.   In a lengthy meeting in Holland , Khalil Ibrahim intimated to the late leader Garang two points regarding Darfur .   The first was that, and unlike the Boulad era, Darfur was ripe for an uprising. The second point was centred in requesting Garang to help JEM to start an armed struggle.   Dr Grarang took the first point on board and ignored the second. The rest is an unfortunate history.

 

The CPA has achieved certain gains that are in the heart of Darfur Movements and are central to demands of all Sudan ’s marginalised sectors.   These gains have been guaranteed in the CPA document. Unfortunately, converting these concessions into reality is a separate matter and the Abeye case stands testimony to this very fact.

 

In the interest of briefness, let us move on in this document and retain elaborate analysis for another space.

 

 

Areas of confluence between Darfur Movements and the CPA:

The CPA is by all means an impressive document. However, the power of the CPA is contingent to the manner in which it is implemented. Implementation of the CPA can lead the document either ways. It can make it retain its value but it can equally empty it of it altogether.   The choice is ours and the responsibility is collective.   A fundamental value of the CPA is that it contains within it dreams of all Sudanese democrats including those within the Darfur Movements.   Here they are:

-           A declaration of principles and a citizen charter that appeal to all marginalised in the country.   Indeed the citizen charter can serve as a model for many other countries in Africa , the Arab world and beyond.

-           A call for an inclusive system that allows participation of all in the country and in an equal footing irrespective of religious, ethnic, regional, linguistic or racial background.

-           Effective representation of all citizens in the political, administrative and security management of the country.

-           Rule of law and respect of human rights in line with all international conventions

-           Equalisation of culture and heritage to be enjoyed by all Sudanese people.

-           Adoption of democracy as a sole system of governance in the country

-           Equitable division of wealth and fair sharing of development opportunities

While not entirely exhaustive, these are the fundamentals of the CPA and on which all Sudanese democrats concur.   Had these fundamentals been secured in the Sudan , they would have been no Darfur uprising. Much more, continuation of war in Darfur depends on the degree of achievement of these principles.

 

Points of Divergence:

Perhaps due to shortsightedness rather than otherwise, the CPA is based on certain catastrophic and erroneous premises.   Firstly, the CPA is formed on the premise that Sudan divides into two parts: a predominantly hegemonic Islamic north and a predominantly Christian and albeit oppressed south.   The problem then boils down to how to accommodate the two opposing sides within a seemingly harmonious whole.

 

Secondly, the CPA is constructed on the on the assumption that Albashir’s Congress Party can fairly represent the entire north of Sudan while the SPLM can adequately operate on behalf of the collective south. Abstaining from speaking on behalf of the south, we can categorically state that Albashir’s CP can never represent Darfur .   Much worse and as subsequent events proved beyond reasonable doubt, the CP is a prime cause of Darfur crisis and can never be otherwise; full stop.

 

Thirdly, the CPA opts for a conflict resolution approach that is founded on a “forgive and march on conflict resolution approach”.   According to this precept, entire ethnic groups like Abeye population who were annihilated to make room for oil exploration, if not to create a new population reality, were simply written off.    It is here that Darfur people object. Indeed it is dubious that the international community simply connived to ignore atrocities that had claimed lives of no less than 2 million people, twice the count of the Rwandan genocide.

 

Does Darfur Matter for the South?

Right from the start, Darfur Movements naively thought that success of the south would be on their side. It is on that premise that the Movements called for immediate representation of the SPLM at the Abuja Talks.   The arrival of SPLM delegation to the Talks turned out into an outright fiasco. Right from the start, the SPLM delegation channelled their energy into no more than a limited number of priorities: to prove that they were members of a government of national unity; that rebellion in Sudan had been brought to an eternal terminal end by the signing the CPA; and that the CPA was a sacred and scratch-proof cow that was not amenable to any change.   And there was no shortage of international support, particularly for the last preposition.   The venue of the Abuja Peace Talks was dominated by those do-gooders who were flown to Abuja to act as Naivasha/CPC fanatics and whose primary purpose was to bully everybody to stay clear of the holy agreement.

 

Some members of the SPLM delegation to the Talks achieved notoriety in pushing the protection of the sacred cow (CPA) to the extreme.   One of them declared in a Plenary meeting that Darfur had no case to fight for:” Darfur is either fairly represented or over represented in the Sudanese civil service”, a premise that was already conceded by Khartoum government in the already signed Darfur Declaration of Principles.

 

In the Abuja Talks, the acronym “TTD” became a catch term among members of the Darfur Movements. The acronym referred to SPLM Delegate Timothy Toute’s dictum and hence TTD that reads: “No statistics, no quotas and no proportional representation”.   Surprisingly, statistics, quotas and proportional representation are central to the CPA and are equally enshrined in the Darfur Declaration of Principles signed long before the SPLM had joined the talks.   In a twist of irony, SPLM delegation worked hard to deny Darfur what they took as their legitimate right during their negotiations with Khartoum .   Alkhalifa delegation sat back and enjoyed the SPLM doing their dirty work; a tactic that they have been employing for so long.

 

 

But the worse was much to come.   Responding to Darfur call for having a post of Vice President, a member of the SPLM protested the demand in a rather vulgar way and I quote “the position of the Vice President is as untouchable as a lion’s sphincter (ginneetal assad).   No comments.

 

Darfur people are yet to understand the importance of their case to the SPLM. Sadly speaking, Darfur is way down the agenda of the SPLM.   To this date, Vice President Kiir has not been able to find time to see Darfur .  

 

I can certainly go on but the point is already made. To sum up this piece of work, let us see what can easily be accommodated in our dialogue with the south and equally with the Government of National Unity.

 

What it takes to make an acceptable agreement:

-           Darfur to be restored to its entity as single region, complete with a full government

-           Darfur to be fairly represented at the summit of power including a position of a Vice President

-           Darfur must be adequately represented in the national civil service – already alluded to in the CPA

-           Darfur displaced people must be repatriated with fair compensation

-           Darfur must be guaranteed fair share of the national revenue in accordance with its population weight.

-           Perpetrators of genocides/ethnic cleansing/war crimes, on both sides must be brought to justice and in a manner that complies with international standards

None of these demands destroys the CPA but can only be accommodated if flexibility is shown.   They may however determine whether there will be a CPA or not.   Again the choice is ours and we must muster courage to shoulder the responsibility.

 

 

 

 

 

Filename:marger1

 

 


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  • The Paradox of Political Transformation by SPLM Standards. By; Baraj Ayuen
  • Fanatic Islamic Iran & Exploitive Transnational Capitalism are the Most harmful Sources of insecurity in the World
  • A PRAYER IN EACH CORNER by MOHAMMAD ALI SALIH
  • Movement erosion Bneha .... Conflict adults ousts Emin Tela t by Shol Goba
  • Northern Sudanese and Bashir’s Call for Jihad Time for Southerners to Think Aloud Lily A. Akol
  • Sudanese & American Friends March for Peace and Reconciliation By Jimmy Mulla
  • The Dilemma of The SPLM: Is it justified? By: Ngino Nikako
  • The 4th General Congress of the Justice & Equality Movement (JEM) By Dr. Mahmoud A. Suleiman
  • If Sudan Want Peace it has to Prepare for War? * By James Okuk
  • Yet Another Africans Challenge: Liability No. 21 the IQ By Dr. Mohamed N. Bushara*
  • When will Darfur mediators learn (2) By Suliman A Giddo*
  • Bravo to Mr. Salva Kiir for Rejecting the US Proposal By James Okuk Solomon
  • Female Circumcision Negligence and Abuse By Dr. Amal Ahmed Elbasheir.
  • U.S Should Upgrade the SPLA if it is willing to Help Southern Sudan *By James Okuk Solomon
  • Where Sudan Is Booming By Alexis Okeowo
  • When Will Darfur Mediators Learn? By Suliman A. Giddo*
  • Mob Emotions Is Anti-Democratic Transformation By James Okuk Solomon
  • Check with Improper Balance: SPLM Risky Politics of Partnership By James Okuk Solomon
  • Another way to break Abie deadlock by Dr. S.M.Eldebailo
  • The SPLM & Protecting the CPA: Guarding Against the Cynical Obstructionism of NCP Parek Maduot
  • Do Ministers belong to the Party or to the Government? *By James Okuk
  • Habib Bank v Central Bank of Sudan Ismat Abdel Gadir - LL.B
  • DRIVING FAST TO EXPLODE IN THE ABYSS! By Comarde Edward Lino
  • Shilluk Communities vs Shilluk International Congress (SIC) By: Kimo Ajing Aba
  • FASTING RAMADAN IN A MONASTERY: Mohammad Ali Salih
  • It is Darfur Again and the Misery Goes On By E. Ablorh-Odjidja
  • SLM request to delay Libya talks by Tag Elkhazin,
  • THE HONOURABLE WISE PEOPLE OF THE WORLD/Ali Mahmoud Hassanein
  • Will the united Sudan remain attractive for all under the NCP regime?! By Dr. Mahmoud A. Suleiman
  • The Value of Peace in Sudan: From Ki-Moon to International Wisemen By James Okuk Solomon
  • South Sudan Egyptians relations / John Lawrence Morbe Joseph
  • Will the Failed Abuja Diplomacy Be Repeated in Libya? By Dr. Mahmoud A. Suleiman
  • Why a reality check is needed on Darfur by Anne Bartlett
  • United, Cairo's poor and poorer get heard
  • A Message from Ajik (Ajang) Union in North American To: Commander and Comrade Daniel Kodi by Fadul H.Haimad
  • What Happened To Gen. Kiir First Vice Presidency Position? / by Isaiah Abraham
  • Eritrea in the Sudan's president's office, By: Mohamed Osman Ibrahim
  • UN Ban Ki-Moon and his Drought Thesis of Darfur Conflict By: Abdullahi Osman El-Tom, Ph.D.
  • UN Secretary General: Mission Impossible By Dr. Mahmoud A. Suleiman
  • Old Habits Die Hard: The National Congress Party is Back to Its Outmoded Tactics—By: Dr. Mahmoud A. Suleiman
  • Greatest Marginalization of All Time/Isam Siddig
  • Darfur: A Little Less Talk, A Little More Action by Anne Bartlett
  • Muslims eye America by MOHAMMAD ALI SALIH
  • General Elections in Sudan by the Year 2009: A Fact or a Fiction?/By Dr. Mahmoud A. Suleiman
  • Alsalkeen Charitable Organization General Secretary. /By Al Sammani Awadallah
  • Cons and Cues About The Sudanese Forthcoming General Election/Isaiah Abraham
  • Animal’s rights are also rights/Isaiah Abraham
  • SPLM Official Counters the Recent Remarks of the NCP Official over Abyie and Darfour Translated by MAJOK NIKODEMO AROU
  • The Arab Congregation and the Ideology of Genocide in Darfur, Sudan By: Abdullahi Osman El-Tom, Ph.D.
  • Catholics Led to Hell/Written by Daniel Deng Monyde,
  • Keep away from Darfour, Mustafa Osman Ismail, warns the SPLM Translated by Majok Nikodemo Arou
  • Abyei Protocol. by Mayen. D. Ater
  • Darfur Actors and the absence of Road Maps By Dr. Mahmoud A. Suleiman
  • Judiciary Reshuffle Ineptly Calculated by Daniel Deng Monyde
  • Stop the Genocide and give the security then peace will come/Hamed Mohamedain Omer
  • THE AMERICANS AND ME (2): ISLAM Mohammad Ali Salih, Washington, “Asharq Alawsat
  • Unwanted in Israel By Sherine Tadros at the Egyptian-Israeli border
  • ISSUES that Rose From the Sudanese Ambassador Press Conference By Jwothab Amum Ajak
  • Al Bashir Slams on Campaigners against Sudan, Reviews Political Developments By: Al Sammani Awadallah
  • Was Dr. John Garang Assassinated?/Daniel Deng Monyde,
  • What had happened in Darfur?/Mahmoud E. Yousif
  • Abie conflict The Inferno of Nivasha or the Paradise of Peace by Dr. S.M.Eldebailo
  • TEXT- Conclusions of AU-UN, Sudan on the Hybrid Operations
  • Alfashir is nearer than Kampala: JEM/NRF Commends New SPLM Stance on Darfur/By: Abdullahi Osman El-Tom
  • COMSARY by SALMAN OMER MAHMOUD
  • Sudan: The Politics of Naming - Genocide, Civil War, Insurgency/Prof. Mahmood Mamdani
  • US to Sanction Dr. Khalil Ibrahim! A Statement/Gammali Hasan Galal Eldin
  • Can Darfur Survive the CPA?/Abdullahi El-Tom and Mahmoud Abbaker Suleiman
  • GOD OR AMERICA: WHO IS FIRST? 8 DIFFERENT OPINIONS/Mohammad Ali Salih, Washington, “Asharq Alawsat”
  • It would be Unwise to think that a United Sudan Properly Functions within the Main Frameworks of the Phenomenon of Eastern African Development./Urban T. Kir
  • Darfur Crisis: Mediation Failure (2)/Ahmed M. Mohamedain
  • Government of Sudan and Darfur crisis/Musa Yakub Daoud
  • President Bush "Hurts" for Darfur Darfur Is Safer than US Urban Cities/Ali Baghdadi
  • Our Vision on the prospect of peace to end the Darfur tragedy/By Dr. M.A.Suleiman
  • Lies, Damned Lies and the Darfur Crisis by Anne Bartlett is a Director of the Darfur Centre for Human Rights and Development
  • International Media Ignore Sudanese Voices /AfricaFocus (Washington, DC)
  • Sudanese cyber rally forces website to remove controversial ad by Wasil Ali
  • why war in abyaii by bakhit mohd humaidan
  • Al Salikeen Earmarks 1.2 Billion Pounds for Service Schemes by Al Sammani Awadallah
  • A CALL TO ALL THE PEOPLE OF SOUTH SUDAN/By James Ogilo Agor Agokwech-Rochester, MN USA
  • Will the Quartet Summit Contradict with the UN, AU Role in Darfur By: Al Sammani Awadallah
  • Sudan Vision Carries Out a Survey on Pros and Cons of Humanitarian Aid in Sudan By: Al-Sammani Awadallah
  • Al Khatim Adlan’s legacy of wisdom and vision/ahmed elzobier
  • WHEN THEY BEG FOR UNITY by Mack Awer Riak
  • The Genocide Glitterati by Anne Bartlett
  • Darfur-Darfur Dialogue Will Not be Held Hostage by Hostile Armed Factions", Says Dr. Omar Adam
  • A brighter future for the Nuba Mountains/by Nuba Mountains Democratic Forum/Nour Tawir
  • A brighter future for the Nuba Mountains by Nuba_Mountains Democratic Forum by Samie A Djudo
  • RIFT KAKUMA HITS BY VALLEY FEVER. By;Mabior Mayom Mayom
  • How Dr. Garang wanted Abyei to be? (1) /By Akol Miyen Kuol
  • A brighter future for the Nuba Mountains by Nuba Mountains Democratic Forum
  • The Doomsday Cult/Ahmed Sam, human rights activist.
  • China must emulate AU wisdom in Sudan by Simon Roughneen for ISN
  • An article introducing our country Sudan by Maha esmeal ahmed esmeal
  • It is a time for all Peace forces to take action By : Matur Aciek
  • Kiir stood to his pledge of no reverse gear/ BY MAJOK NIKODEMO AROU
  • IT IS TIME FOR THE SPLA TO ESTABLISH ITS OWN AIR FORCE/Maker Costa
  • Unwitting Party to Genocide By Stephen Rademaker
  • SPLA, STANDS STRONG AND PROUD!/By Hakim Makuer Gol
  • January 9th- a Day of Peace and Full Independence/By Dr. Mawien Akot
  • Muslim cadet clear on identity/YVETTE CABRERA
  • 2008 General Elections: What Are The Scenarios Awaiting Us?/Maker Costa-Syracuse New York
  • ’s NCP is planning to rig elections at census level/By Sabrino Majok Majok*
  • Criticism to the Global War Against International Terrorism, (G-WAIT) by Tarig M. M. K. Anter
  • The Swindles of Modern Liberal Democracy by Tarig M. M. K. Anter
  • Peaceful Conflict Resolution & the War on Terror The cases of Sudan and Iraq by Tarig M. M. K. Anter
  • The Jinjaweed Leader By : kuku kadia
  • UA-GSC Sudan Resolution Passes/By Marie Y. Thibault
  • All About Darfur: Is Sudan in a culture of war? By Virginie Wembey
  • AU Recommends Six Month Extension for its Mission By: Al Sammani Awadallah / IOL
  • No South/North border and ABC: CPA is dead.By Sabrino Majok Majok*
  • Darfur destruction is Sudan’s al-Bashir’s Shame/By Sabrino Majok Majok*
  • Relationship Between Economic Mismanagement & Social Instability by Eng. Tarig M.M.K. Anter
  • Fake Modern Religions Are Fighting Faith by Tarig M. M. K. Anter
  • The Ideological Structure of The Conservative Professional Nationalist Party & System by Eng. Tarig M.M.K. Anter,
  • 'Lost Boys of Sudan' By: Kristin Boyd , Staff Writer
  • Sudan's al-Bashir and Palace are imperfect Match By Sabrino Majok Majok
  • Frank Wolf: Divest from Sudan By U.S. Rep. Frank Wolf (R-10)
  • Sudanese Native Relates Horrors of His Childhood/By Konstantin Shishkin
  • General Congress of JEM Asserts Creation of a political Party/Professor Mahmoud Abakar Sulaiman
  • Darfur-Darfur Dialogue and the Litany of AU Deceit in Darfur/Dr. Abdullahi Osman El-Tom
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  • Reign of Corruption and political stagnation By Andrew Bak
  • Current American Planning Strategies vs. Planning Strategies of the 50s’/By: Adil Bala (PhD)*
  • Free Will, JEM Peace Wing Sign Political and Military Protocol By Al-Sammani Awadallah
  • Only Favourable Humanitarian and Security Conditions are Needed in Darfur By: Al Sammani Awadalla
  • A call to Abolish Sha’ria Law in South Sudan: GOSS must take a Lead
  • Race and colour consciousness art or is it ... Religions? Hatim Elmadani
  • Who are Landless People in Sudan? Mack Awer -Cairo
  • Darfur: Diplomacy and its Discontents by Anne Bartlett
  • Why Egypt won't press Sudan: the Nile By Dan Murphy | Staff writer of The Christian Science Monitor
  • Pathological Delusions by Ahmed Elzobier
  • NIF is determined to kill CPA By Sabrino Majok Majok
  • Darfur - Solution Must Come From Africans By Mohammed Eisa Ismail
  • The responsibility to protect Darfur By William G. O'Neill
  • Sudanese go tech savvy By Cheryl Lecesse
  • Sorrow in Sudan By Vivian Ho