Voice of the unheard & home to the homeless
Front Page  عربى
المنبر العام
 
 Latest News
 
 Articles and Analysies
 
 Press Releases
 
 Photo Gallery
 
 About Sudan
 
 Cards
 
  Sudanese Music
  Sudanese Links
  Discussion Board
 
  2006 News Archives
 
  2006 Articles Archives
  2006 Press R.Archives
 
  2005 News Archives
 
  2005 Articles Archives
  2005 Press R.Archives
  PC&Internet Forum
  Poll System
  Tell A Friend
  Upload Your Picture
  Contact Us


Search

Latest News الصفحة العربية Last Updated: Feb 13, 2011 - 7:24:29 AM

Jimmy Carter vs. guinea worm: Sudan is last battle
Sudaneseonline.com

Email this article
 Printer friendly page
Share
Follow sudanesewebtalk on Twitter
Jimmy Carter vs. guinea worm: Sudan is last battle

ABUYONG, Sudan (AP) — Lily pads and purple flowers dot one corner of the watering hole. Bright green algae covers another. Two women collect water in plastic jugs while a cattle herder bathes nearby.

Samuel Makoy is not interested in the bucolic scenery, though. He has an epidemic to quash.

Makoy points out to the women the fingernail-length worm-like creatures whose tails flick back and forth. Then a pond-side health lesson begins on a spaghetti-like worm that has haunted humans for centuries.

This fight against the guinea worm is a battle former U.S. President Jimmy Carter has waged for more than two decades in some of the poorest countries on earth. It is a battle he's almost won.

In the 1950s the 3-foot-long guinea worm ravaged the bodies of an estimated 50 million people, forcing victims through months of pain while the worm exited through a swollen blister on the leg, making it impossible for them to tend to cows or harvest crops. By 1986, the number dropped to 3.5 million. Last year only 3,190 cases were reported.

Today the worm is even closer to being wiped out. Fewer than 1,700 cases have been found this year in only four countries — Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali and Sudan, where more than 95 percent of the cases are. The worm's near-eradication is thanks in large part to the efforts of Carter and his foundation.

"I'm still determined to outlive the last guinea worm," Carter told The Associated Press in a phone interview. The 86-year-old set that goal in the 1980s, when his center helped eliminate guinea worm from Pakistan and other Asian nations.

The Carter Center has battled the worm for 24 years through education and the distribution of strainers that purify drinking water. It has helped erase guinea worm in more than 20 countries, and it believes the worm will follow smallpox — which was wiped out in the late 1970s — as the next disease to be eradicated from the human population.

But Carter staff members say ending the disease in Southern Sudan may prove the most difficult, because of how remote the remaining endemic areas are and the fact that the worm is found in semi-nomadic pastoralists who have little education and low sanitation standards.

Another complicating factor: Southern Sudan is scheduled to hold an independence referendum Jan. 9, a vote that is likely to lead to separation from the Khartoum-based north. The process has been peaceful so far, but any conflict that arises would derail eradication efforts.

As Carter put it: "War and good health are incompatible."

"There's no way we can go into an area that is at war," he said.

Although the Carter Center has been fighting guinea worm in Sudan since 1994, its efforts only made significant headway following the signing of a 2005 peace deal that ended two decades of north-south civil war.

The 20 years of fighting prevented the Carter Center and other authorities like the World Health Organization from conducting a comprehensive assessment of guinea worm here until 2006. Since then, eradication programs have reduced the number of yearly cases by about 90 percent.

The few remaining cases exist in off-the-map places. In many sites, the Carter Center is the only outside presence — no other international or Sudanese organizations have set up shop. Even a government presence is rare.

"We are in the most remote places because that's where the guinea worm is," said Doug Tuttle, 31, a technical adviser with the Carter Center who lives in a tent in the village of Abuyong. He oversees a staff of paid field officers and guinea worm volunteers whom he visits on his motorcycle or by walking anywhere from 30 minutes to two hours.

Reaching Abuyong requires abandoning the dirt road for a narrow path hacked through dense woods that was only forged after the Carter Center moved in. On a recent bone-rattling ride to Abuyong in the center's hulking, Russian-made truck, the vehicle forded flooded ravines as the occasional baboon scampered away.

At the picturesque pond outside Abuyong, Makoy explains to the women that if someone enters the pond with a guinea worm hanging out of a blister, the worm will dump larvae that will mate with the white worm-like creatures — copepods — and render the pond endemic with guinea worm.

Makoy doesn't use the words "endemic" or "copepods" with the women. His aim is to deliver a more pragmatic message: that filtering water is the key way to avoid contracting the disease.

"This work requires a passion inside you to keep you going day after day. Even if you must repeat the same things 100 times to the same person — education, education, education," said Makoy, who works for the Southern Sudanese government's Ministry of Health and has collaborated with the Carter Center since 1996.

Makoy hands both women mesh filters and explains how to use them. Then he repeats a message he has delivered thousands of times — that even one person with a hanging worm who enters a water source can trigger scores of cases in the next transmission season, roughly a year after someone drinks tainted water.

Change is difficult here. As someone who comes from a pastoralist tribe, Makoy knows that cattle herders on the move don't think twice about drinking from a brown puddle. In a place like Abuyong, where the few water hand pumps each cost thousands of dollars because water lies so deep under ground, accessing any water — infected or clean — is a blessing.

By January, the cattle camp next to Abuyong will have cleared out and the large pond dry. The 500-plus cattle and their keepers will move to the Nile River, where they will remain for the blisteringly hot dry season.

It won't be until May that some begin to notice red puffy blisters developing on their legs and feet, the sign of a soon-to-emerge guinea worm.

That's what 7-year-old Ajak Kuol Nyamchiek had to deal with a couple weeks ago as a worm exited her foot at a Carter Center clinic in Abuyong, where worm victims stay while the worms make their painful exits. Nurse John Lotiki slowly pulled the thin, white worm out of the girl as Ajak looked on with pain — and appreciation.

Pulling a worm out is a weekslong process of rolling out the worm by coiling it on a pinkie-length stick, about an inch (2.5 centimeters) a day. Aside from surgery, this centuries-old extraction method is the only way the guinea worm can be removed safely.

Carter, whose center began working in Sudan in 1987, said he knows the people appreciates the work his team does.

"They know we're working for freedom and they know we're working for peace," Carter said. "And they know that we are there to end the plight of diseases that they should not still have."

___

On the web:

The Carter Center: http://www.cartercenter.org/health/guinea_worm/mini_site/index.html


© Copyright by SudaneseOnline.com


Please feel free to send us your Articles , Analysies news and press releases to [email protected]

Top of Page



This report does not necessarily reflect the views of Sudanese Online.com

اخر الاخبار
  • الاتحاديون.. فرقة لا تبشّر بوحدة
  • مركز دراسات الهجرة بجهاز المغتربين ينظم منتداه الشهري الثالث عن الحراك السكاني
  • وزير الدفاع:لا أستبعد ضربات اسرائيلية أخرى.
  • ديبي يعلن إنطلاق الإنتخابات الرئاسية في تشاد .. والمعارضة تتوعده بمصير القذافي وبن علي
  • والي الجزيرة يقر ببعض الفساد ويكشف عن تدابير في فضيحة دريم لاند
  • الجنوب كسب براءته العقوبات الأمريكية...الشمال مسلسل فشل رفعها مستمر
  • العدل والمساواة تؤكد سيطرتها على منطقة وادي هور وتنفي تواجد قوات الحكومة بها
  • رئيس حركة العدل والمساواة "القيادة الثورية ":السلام خيارنا الاستراتيجي وعلى أتم الاستعداد للجلوس للتفاوض متى تلقينا الدعوة من الوساطة
  • اعتصام اللاجئين السودانيين أمام مفوضية اللاجئين بالقاهرة
  • مأساة 450 دارفوري عالقين في السلوم خوفا من بطش الأمن السوداني .
  • بروفسور حامد تيجاني:النظام السوداني يسعى بكل قوته لتفكيك الدولة للحصول على شرعية دوليه تمكنه من الاستمرار في القمع والبطش
  • أحمد هارون يشرع في تنفيذ تخصصه : احراق سبعة أطفال وثلاث نساء مسنات داخل بيوتهم
  • ممثل حكومة الجنوب في واشنطن يلتقي الرئيس الكيني
  • الرابطة العالمية بأمريكا تشجب وتدين الهجوم الغادر الذى نفذته مليشيات حزب المؤتمر الوطنى فى قرى بجبال النوبة
  • محلل اقتصادي: تعاون جنوب السودان في مكافحة الإرهاب وراء إعفائه من العقوبات الأمريكية
  • العدل والمساواة ترفض الدعوة الإفريقية لحسم منبر الدوحة نهاية الشهر
  • المحــبوب عبد الســـلام: الأمثل للسودان أن نوحد البرامج ونقربها
  • النائب العام المصري يقرر حبس مبارك ونجليه في اتهامات بالفساد المالي وقتل الثوار
  • جاتكوث يشن هجوما عنيفا على هارون.. ويصفه بالمجرم الهارب من وجه العدالة
  • المحبوب عبد السلام: السودان في خطر والحزب الحاكم فوضوي
  • الحكومة الأميركية تعلن عن أن دولة السودان الجنوبي لن تخضع للعقوبات الإقتصادية الأميركية بعد التاسع من يوليو القادم
  • وصال المهدي: استجوبوه مرة واحدة، سألوه عن اسمه، فقال لهم نسيته!!
  • د.جبريل: رأس النظام إنفصالي من الدرجة الأولى و لن نكتفي بالتنديد حيال إستفتاء دارفور.
  • أكثر من 150 طالب جنوبي يعتصمون أمام مكتب حكومة جوبا بالقاهرة للمطالبة بمستحقات مالية متأخرة
  • تباين في الآراء حول صحة الإبقاء على قوات مشتركة مدمجة في أبيي ومناطق البترول
  • ممثل حكومة الجنوب في واشنطن يلتقي وزير الخدمات الطبية والأمين العام للحزب الحاكم في كينيا
  • السفارة السودانية في واشنطن: تقرير الخارجية الأميركية عن السودان غير مهني.. ولا يحتوي على قدر من المصداقية
  • السفير عبدالرحمن سرالختم فى لقاء تنويرى مع الصحفيين السودانيين بالقاهرة
  • وزير الاتصالات وتقانة المعلومات : مشروع الصحة الالكترونية ستتم تبعيته بالكامل لوزارة الصحة الاتحادية
  • تغطية ندوة منتدى التوثيق الشامل للمؤرخ الكبير ضرار صالح ضرار
  • مؤتمر أبناء دينكا تويج ميارديت العالمى الاول ـ ملبورن ـ أستراليا
  • الناطق الرسمي للعدل والمساواة :الحركة ملتزمة بعدم الحركة خارج مناطق سيطرتها.
  • حاكما ولايتي البحيرات وغرب الاستوائية يتوصلان لاتفاق سلام بشأن مايورديت
  • البرنامج الانتخابى للحزب الشيوعى السودانى منظقة جنوب كردفان
  • نيويورك:ندوة عن مستقبل السودان علي خلفية انفصال الجنوب - مطالب الجماهير ونداءات التغيير
  • تنبية هام إلي اللاجئين السودانيين بالقاهرة.
  • زيارة خاصة جداً لأسرة اللواء المعتقل تلفون كوكو
  • استكمالاً للانفصال القوات المسلحة تحزم حقائبها في رحلة العودة شمالاً
  • تقرير الخارجية الأميركية عن أوضاع حقوق الإنسان في العالم يكشف عن إنتهاكات خطيرة للحكومة السودانية
  • وفد من إئتلاف ثورة 25 يناير المصرية يصل الخرطوم اليوم
  • تقرير حول اللقاء الثاني لرابطة أبناء دار فور و المحكمة الجنائية الدولية بباريس
  • د. جبريل: ماذا سيفعل النظام إن عجز الغرب عن إزاحة القذاقي؟ و للنظام أصابع تنخر في عظام الجبهة الوطنية العريضة
  • نشرة جهاز المغتربين (1) لشهر ابريل 2011م
  • نائب رئيس حكومة جنوب السودان يغادر الى اديس ابابا غدا الاحد
  • لقاء للوطني مع الاقتصاديين يتحول إلى نقد عارم للسياسات الاقتصادية للحكومة
  • صحيفتي (اجراس الحرية) و (الميدان) تعلقان صدورهما احتجاجاً علي المصادرة
  • لضبط الحدود الحزام الأمني...تقليل تكلفة المراقبة بحفظ المنافع
  • محمد ابراهيم نقد:السودان (عضمه قوي) ولن (يتفرتق) إذا قامت ثورة شعبية
  • في عقد قران السيد المحجوب الميرغني : كتب صلاح الباشا من داخل مسجد السيد علي ببحري
  • تعيين اتحاد مؤقت لإدارة شئون كرة القدم في جنوب السودان
  • Latest News
  • Sudan's Abyei region awash with arms and anger
  • Military Helicopter Crash Kills Five in Darfur, Sudan Army Says
  • SUDAN: Lack of justice "entrenching impunity" in Darfur
  • The National Agency for Securing and Financing national Exports pays due attention to Nonpetroleum Exports
  • Vice President of the Republic to witness the launching of the cultural season in Khartoum state
  • Youth creative activities to be launched under the blessing of the president, Tuesday
  • Sudan's gold rush lures thousands to remote areas
  • South Sudan faces precarious start
  • Aid workers taken hostage in Darfur freed: U.N.
  • 19 People Killed In Clashes In Sudan's South Kordofan State
  • Headlines of major daily news papers issued in Khartoum today Thursday the 14th of April 2011
  • Minister review with Indonesian delegation Sudanese Indonesian petroleum cooperation
  • Bio-fuel experimental production launched in Sudan
  • Center for Middle East and Africa's Studies organizes a symposium on intelligence activities in Sudan
  • South Sudan Activists Say : Women Need Bigger Role
  • 'One dead' as army helicopter crashes in Khartoum
  • Vice President receives new Algerian ambassador the Sudan
  • A training military plane crashes killing one of the three crew on board
  • Headlines of major daily papers issued in Khartoum today Wednesday the 13th of April 2011
  • Minister of Defense announces some precautious measures to secure Port Sudan
  • Industry Minister Meets Ambassadors of Central Africa, South African Republic
  • Sudan has 'irrefutable proof' Israel behind air strike
  • Taha Affirms Government Concern over Youth Issues
  • Headlines of major news papers issued in Khartoum today Monday the 11th of April 2011
  • NCP: statements by the US Secretary of State and the new envoy an attempt to justify the American hostility
  • Two Sudan papers stop publishing, protest censorship
  • Helicopters, tanks deployed in volatile Sudan area
  • State minister at the ministry of oil meets the delegation of the Gulf company for metal industries
  • Headlines of major daily news papers issued in Khartoum today Sunday the 10th of April 2011
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Sudan possess solid proof of Israeli involvement in the aggression on the country
  • Defense Minister visits Port-Sudan
  • Somali pirates hijack German vessel
  • Family denies assassination of key Hamas figure in Sudan
  • President Al-Bashirr, First VP Kiir Agree to Implement Agreement on Security Situation in Abyei as of Friday
  • DUP Denounces Israeli air strike on Port Sudan Vehicle
  • SBA Calls for especial Economic Relations with South Sudan State
  • Sudan-Brazil Sign Animal Wealth Protocol
  • Netanyahu vague on Sudan strike
  • seven Killed In New Clashes In South Sudan
  • Sudan's government crushed protests by embracing Internet
  • Hamas official targeted in Sudan attack, Palestinians say