مشروع السودان للفحص الجيني وجدل الهوية السودانية

Quote: E-M81 is a Y chromosome haplogroup defined by the mutation M81. It is a sub-clade of E-M35. It's phylogenetic name according to the E haplogroup page on ISOGG's website is E1b1b1b. Origins E1b1b1b (E-M81) is the most common Y chromosome haplogroup in the Maghreb, dominated by its sub-clade E-M183. It is thought to have originated in the area of North Africa 5,600 years ago (Cruciani et al. 2004, Arredi et al. (2004)). It is colloquially referred to as the "Berber marker" for its prevalence among Mozabite, Moyen Atlas, Kabyle and other Amazigh groups, E-M81 is also quite common among North African Arab groups. In this key area from Egypt to the Atlantic Ocean, Arredi et al. (2004) report a pattern of decreasing STR hap####pe variation from East to West, accompanied by a substantial increasing frequency. This pattern the authors believe to be consistent with the hypothesis of a post Paleolithic "WP:demic diffusion" from the East. The ancestral lineage of E-M81 in their hypothesis could have been linked with the spread of Neolithic food-producing technologies from the Fertile Crescent via the Nile, although herding rather than agriculture. E-M81 and possibly proto-Afroasiatic language may have been carried either all the way from Asia, or they may represent a "local contribution to the North African Neolithic transition".