أول قضية إليكترونية..منال عوض خوجلي ضد محمد ناصر

Quote: required. Federal Rule of Evidence 1001(3) defines “original”: If data are stored in a computer or similar device, any printout or other output readable by sight, shown to reflect the data accurately, is an “original”. The courts have long recognized that at times it may be both impractical and unreasonable to require originals, which might be entire computers or large volumes of data, for information that otherwise could be represented in a chart or graph. In fact, in the 9th Circuit the courts require that during seizures of computers, on-site imaging must be done, leaving the original behind and taking only a “copy,” that is, a true bit by bit forensic image.