أول قضية إليكترونية..منال عوض خوجلي ضد محمد ناصر

Quote: Best Evidence: FRE 1001(3): If data is stored in a computer or similar device, any printout or other output readable by sight, shown to reflect the data accurately, is an "original". 1.5.4 The Best Evidence Rule The Best Evidence rule (Federal Rule of Evidence 1002) states that to prove the content of writing, recording, or photograph, the original writing, recording, or photograph is ordinarily required. Federal Rule of Evidence 1001(3) defines “original”: If data are stored in a computer or similar device, any printout or other output readable by sight, shown to reflect the data accurately, is an “original”. The courts have long recognized that at times it may be both impractical and unreasonable to require originals, which might be entire computers or large volumes of data, for information that otherwise could be represented in a chart or graph. In fact, in the 9th Circuit the courts require that during seizures of computers, on-site imaging must be done, leaving the original behind and taking only a “copy,” that is, a true bit by bit forensic image.