تم نشر كتابى عن البقارة فى السودان .. (الوصلة للكتاب)

Quote: Habbaniya headquarter is Buram city (nicknamed: Alkalaka Um Al Diyar – literally the mother of all lands). Habbaniya have anecdotal sayings about Alkalaka say: “the lands are only three – the sacred Mekka which glorified by God, the Green Tunisia and the free land of Kalaka”. They say, also, “Kalaka has wiz (ducks), a drum when trumpeted say diz diz, and a large waral ‘monitor’ which is never yafiz ‘never runs away’”. From such sayings, one can glimpse a feeling of love and deep sentiment of Habbaniya to their land. The landscape of Habbaniya hakura in south Darfur is one of the most picturesque areas in south Darfur region, just like Beni Halba hakura landscapes. The area has many seasonal streams, and valleys which impede movements during the rainy season. In the area, there are large water pools and lakes, such as Lake Kindy (called Buhirat Kindy), which attract abundance of migratory birds. The area has high rainfall up to 800 mm per annum, highly rich soils and abundance of underground water and water aquifers. The largest Baggara Aquifer “in Arabic: hawd al Baggara” passes right under Habbaniya hakura. The area is home to many beautiful birds such as cranes (called gharnoug), wild pigeons, wild ducks and rare gazelles; it is home to the second largest protected area in Sudan – the Radoum Natural Park, which comes second after the Dinder Natural Park on eastern Sudan. The area also has large reserves of petroleum, gas and precious ####lزs.

Quote: Historically, Rizeigat power as a tribe was demonstrated by creating strong alliances with others. Once, such an alliance created of all sons of Juneid, the common ancestor of most of the Arab tribes in west Sudan, during early settlement of Arabic tribes in Darfur, against King Sharango of Chad from Beni Khuzam tribe. Rizeigat were able to put an alliance of all the three divisions of the Attawa, Awlad Heymat and Awlad Rashid together to defeat King Shrango. The legend has it “a man named Arigi Fanni had a female camel called ‘Al Angha’a’. The camel ‘Al Angha’a’ had a lot of milk that instantaneously pours by itself. The owner, Arigi put a large animal’s skin (called sien) around the “Al Angha’a” waist to collect the pouring milk. The ‘Angha’a’ had strange habit of grazing during night times instead of day times. Once upon a time, it went and grazed on the tree where King Sharango used to held his court. The King noticed his court’s tree shade became sparse and ordered his servants to hunt down the animal which was grazing on his court’s tree. The guards stayed night long until the ‘Al Angha’a’ came about the place and took her in custody until delivered to the King in the morning. The King saw her perfuse milk, and he asked his servants to hide the camel away and not let anybody to know where it was hidden. In the morning, Arigi, the owner, came about following the footsteps of his camel until the place of the King court. He went to the King to ask him to allow him to fetch his camel in his land but the King refused. Arigi knew from a story of two Khuzam women who quarreled and one of them insulted the other by saying: you are stealers of Arigi camel; the women secretly went up to Arigi family and told them that the King was hiding the camel. Arigi repeated his request and continued his appearance in front of the King requesting to give him back his camel. The King refused and ordered him not to come back again. Angered by the King refusal, Arigi insulted the King. He said, “moving is Atia; the settled is Heymat, and the drum trumpeted daylong, belongs to Rashid Al Walad’. A loser Khuzami King will not be able to take my camel by force”; this saying was a blunt threatening to the King by Arigi, telling him that he will collect all of Attawa, Heymat and Rashid sons together to get his camel back. At that point, the King took pride on his power, and replied back to Arigi: “go and collect all those of Juneid (which include all Baggara tribes), and Magnud (which includes all Abbala tribes), all these just like a herd of sheep which will not be able to face off with a lion”. Of course, the lion is the King himself. Arigi went back to his family quarter, took a camel and branded it with a sign of cry under its eyes. Arigi rode the camel for months roaming all Baggara and Abballa tribes and their kin sons of Rashid Al walad, telling them how the Khuzami King abducted by force his camel – the ‘Angha’a’. Arigi said strong legendary poems praising ‘Al Angha’a’ whenever he went. Eventually a battle broke between King Sharango against all the Attawa, Heymat and Rashid sons. The King defeated, and many of his tribe Khuzam killed and the rest dispersed. A woman, from Khuzma tribe, hunted down the camel ‘Al Angha’a’. When Arigi found his camel dead, he stepped off his camel and said one of best and most mesmerized poem in Baggara traditional oral history, in praise of ‘Al Angha’a and other poems demeaning Khuzam tribe and insulting King Sharango”. The battle although seemed mythological, but it has a strong presence in all of the Baggara tribes oral stories, with some variation of the narration, and of the name the battle. Hassan M. H. Al Nahla (1993) has written a book called “Fanni Camel” narrating the story, and he concluded that the battle was the one which led to the demise of Beni Khuzam Kingdom in Chad. Similarly, Ali H. Saleh (2004) narrated the stored on his book, from the Hawazma side point of the oral history.

Quote: Among the best known vegetation to predict rainy season across Sudanese cultural contours is Acacia albida tree (called locally Haraz). The phrase “Haraz war against rains” known to all Sudanese as Haraz trees dislike rains, and for that reason shed off its leaves when rains season approaching. Such Sudanese cultural attitude toward Haraz phenomenon is just cress-crossing with Baggara mentality about vegetation phenology as predicates of raining season. Baggara use a large array of plants to predict or monitor rains and rainy season. Reflecting for a moment about “Haraz war against rains” phrase: Does Acacia albida knows that rain is approaching and purposely shed off its leaves? Why it shed off its leaves from rains? Or how Baggara know it is shedding off leaves because it dislikes rains? It turns out that Acacia albida introduced species from Indian subcontinent, and it happens its leaves shedding season, there, is equating to the beginning of raining season in Sudan. In essence, Acacia albida trees kept their biological clock unaltered, which seem odd for introduced tree species which mostly adapt to the new environment or may fail. It turns, Baggara care only about whether the Haraz trees predicating raining season or not! It is true in this sense, that the tree is excellent predicator of the start of the rainy season or most likely summer ending. Baggara use many trees to predict the event of the rainy season. Trees such as Albizia species

Quote: Bulls saddle composes of three different parts: 1. El Tash: this is the innermost part of the saddles when placed on the ox back. Tash is solely made from Ceratonia siliqua tree (Kharoub). The barks of Kharoub tree are tapped and pounded with stones or ####ls until the hard external crust removed. The barks are ret in water for almost one to two weeks, sun-dried and used in saddling. Tash also used in building the Baggara domes and as bedsheet (absorbent) for newly delivered women. Usually Tash has a reddish color when tapped, and after retting in water turns into maroon to dark reddish in color. Because of it is color, Tash added to the front part of the dome to add a new variation in color from those of mats. 2. Gourat (pl. gourtat) it is the part that sit on the top of Tash. It mainly made of grasses as Hyparrhenia confinis (Um racho) and tibin (a type of reeds). These two grasses are well-known by Baggara across their ranges. The grass braided in three interweaved strands (loafs of grass) forming a long braid with dimensions as follow: ~ 6 inch (15 cm) in width, 4 inch (10 cm) in thickness and about 23 -32 ft (~ 7 - 10 m) in length. The braid is folded to form a rectangular shape. The rectangular folds sewed together with thin rope to form the Gourat. The Gourat folded to fit the ox, and it is purpose to form a deep cushion to distribute the load on the ox back. 3. Safiin is the third part of bull saddle. It is the top most part when laid on the ox back. It is made exactly the same way as Gourat with exactly same materials and same dimensions but attached to it a wooden part. The wooden part called Basour. The Basour is an inverted V-shaped wood, which obtained from a range of trees. It is affixed to Safiin by thin ropes. The Basour serves as an attaching pole and balancing center for load on side of ox.

Quote: شغل تمام يا بريمة تحية على هذا الجهد، حاشترى كتاب واخلى اولاد أبّا المعاي هنا يشتروا برضو

Quote: بإذنه تعالي سنقرأ هذا السفر بالتفصيل، وسنفيدكم أن ظهرت لنا أي ملاحظات جوهرية. وكما قال القذافي للأمام .. للأمام.