الشهيد مالكوم أكس-MOVIE

Quote: Nation of Islam Part of a series on Nation of Islam -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Famous leaders Wallace Fard Muhammad · Elijah Muhammad · Malcolm X · Warith Deen Mohammed · Louis Farrakhan -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- History and beliefs Saviours' Day · Nation of Islam and antisemitism · Tribe of Shabazz · Yakub · Million Man March -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Publications The Final Call · How to Eat to Live · Message to the Blackman in America · Muhammad Speaks -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Subsidiaries and offshoots American Society of Muslims · Fruit of Islam · The Nation of Gods and Earths · New Black Panther Party · United Nation of Islam · Your Black Muslim Bakery This box: view • talk • edit Further information: Nation of Islam In 1952, after his release from prison, Little visited Elijah Muhammad in Chicago, Illinois.[57] Then, like many members of the Nation of Islam, he changed his surname to "X". In his autobiography, Malcolm X explained the "X": "The Muslim's 'X' symbolized the true African family name that he never could know. For me, my 'X' replaced the white slavemaster name of 'Little' which some blue-eyed devil named Little had imposed upon my paternal forebears."[58] The FBI opened a file on Malcolm X in March 1953 after hearing from an informant that Malcolm X described himself as a Communist. Soon the FBI turned its attention from concerns about possible Communist Party association to Malcolm X's rapid ascent in the Nation of Islam.[59] In June 1953, Malcolm X was named assistant minister of the Nation of Islam's Temple Number One[60] in Detroit.[61] By late 1953, he established Boston's Temple Number Eleven.[62] In March 1954, Malcolm X expanded Temple Number Twelve in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.[63] Two months later he was selected to lead the Nation of Islam's Temple Number Seven in Harlem.[64] He rapidly expanded its membership.[65] After a 1959 television broadcast in New York City about the Nation of Islam, The Hate That Hate Produced, Malcolm X became known to a much wider audience. Representatives of the print media, radio, and television frequently asked him for comments on issues. He was also sought as a spokesman by reporters from other countries.[66] Beside his skill as an speaker, Malcolm X had an impressive physical presence. He stood 6 feet 3 inches (1.91 m) tall and weighed about 180 pounds (82 kg).[67] According to one writer, Malcolm X was "powerfully built",[68] and another described him as a "mesmerizingly handsome ... and always spotlessly well-groomed".[67] From his adoption of the Nation of Islam in 1952 until he left the organization in 1964, Malcolm X promoted the Nation's teachings. He taught that black people were the original people of the world,[69] and that white people were a race of devils.[70] In his speeches, Malcolm X said that black people were superior to white people, and that the demise of the white race was imminent.[71] While the civil rights movement fought against racial segregation, Malcolm X advocated the complete separation of African Americans from white people. He proposed the establishment of a separate country for black people[72] as an interim measure until African Americans could return to Africa.[73] Malcolm X also rejected the civil rights movement's strategy of nonviolence and instead advocated that black people use any necessary means of self-defense to protect themselves.[74] Malcolm X's speeches had a powerful effect on his audiences, generally African Americans who lived in the Northern and Western cities who were tired of being told to wait for freedom, justice, equality, and respect.[75] Many blacks felt that he articulated their complaints better than the civil rights movement did.[76][77] Many white people, and some blacks, were alarmed by Malcolm X and the things he said. He and the Nation of Islam were described as hatemongers, black segregationists, violence-seekers, and a threat to improved race relations. Civil rights organizations denounced Malcolm X and the Nation as irresponsible extremists whose views were not representative of African Americans.[78] Malcolm X was equally critical of the civil rights movement.[79] He described its leaders as "stooges" for the white establishment and said that Martin Luther King, Jr. was a "chump".[80][81] He criticized the 1963 March on Washington, which he called "the farce on Washington".[82] He said he did not know why black people were excited over a demonstration "run by whites in front of a statue of a president who has been dead for a hundred years and who didn't like us when he was alive".[83] Malcolm X has been widely considered the second most influential leader of the Nation of Islam after Elijah Muhammad.[84] He was largely credited with increasing membership in the Nation of Islam from 500 in 1952 to 25,000 in 1963.[85][86] He inspired the boxer Cassius Clay (later known as Muhammad Ali) to join the Nation of Islam.[87] Ali later left the Nation of Islam and became a Sunni Muslim, as did Malcolm X.[88] In early 1963, Malcolm X started collaborating with Alex Haley on The Autobiography of Malcolm X.[89] In 1964, he told Haley, "If I'm alive when this book comes out, it will be a miracle."[90] The book was not finished when Malcolm X was assassinated in 1965. Haley completed it and published it later that year.[91] Marriage and family On January 14, 1958, Malcolm X married Betty X (née Sanders) in Lansing, Michigan.[92] The two had been friends for about a year and—although they had never discussed the subject—Betty X suspected that he was interested in marriage. One day, he called and asked her to marry him.[93] The couple had six daughters. Their names were Attallah, born in 1958 and named after Attila the Hun;[94] Qubilah, born in 1960 and named after Kublai Khan;[95] Ilyasah, born in 1962 and named after Elijah Muhammad;[96] Gamilah Lumumba, born in 1964 and named after Patrice Lumumba;[97] and twins, Malaak and Malikah, born in 1965 after their father's assassination and named for him.[98]